Augustine’s Divided Line Essay -- Essays Papers

Augustine’s Divided Line Augustine’s contention that man cannot possibly come into truth by reason in his temporal life constitutes his initial departure from the ancients, and results in the need for an entirely new structuring of the relationship between man and the good. In differentiating between the nature of God and man, Augustine argues that man’s nature—unlike God’s—is corruptible, and is thus â€Å"deprived of the light of eternal truth† (XI, 22) . This stands the thought of Plato on its head, since now no amount of contemplation and argument will be capable of getting man closer to a truth that exists on a plane that â€Å"surpasses the reach of the human mind† (XXI, 5). If reason is an instrument as flawed as man himself, how, then, is man to know the supreme good if he is forced to grope blindly for it in a state of sin without any assistance from the powers of his own mind? It is this question which serves as the premise for Augustine’s di vision of existence into the City of Man and the City of God and articulation of a system of vice and struggle against vice that keeps man anchored to the City of Man and prevents him from entering the City of God in temporal life. In order to explain man’s path from the one to the other, he sets up a system of dichotomies that originate from Adam’s fall and are hinged upon the role of the will in earthly life. At the top, God is the source of the â€Å"supreme good,† and evil is its opposite (XII, 3). Up to this point, he is in agreement with the ancients, but he diverges again when he equates the good with nature, and evil with a defect of nature—an absence of the good (XII, 3). In this we have the first division of what â€Å"supremely is† between nature and vice, with nature arising ... ...ty† (XII, 22). This is ultimately what is so shockingly egalitarian about Augustine’s Christianity in contrast to the thought of the ancients. The Supreme Good—eternal life—is accessible to both the simple and the sophisticated. One may either contemplate the duality of the universe and figure out where each aspect of creation fits into the scheme, or one may bypass the attempt to understand the temporal world in relation to heaven, but so long as one finally accepts faith and, through it, becomes obedient to God while discarding self-will, the extent to which one used reason in his life is irrelevant. Reason, except insofar as it is necessary in a basic sense for man to use it to accept faith to and differentiate himself from beasts, is not necessary for eternal life. What is necessary is the choice to stop exercising the self-will—to stop making choices. Augustine’s Divided Line Essay -- Essays Papers Augustine’s Divided Line Augustine’s contention that man cannot possibly come into truth by reason in his temporal life constitutes his initial departure from the ancients, and results in the need for an entirely new structuring of the relationship between man and the good. In differentiating between the nature of God and man, Augustine argues that man’s nature—unlike God’s—is corruptible, and is thus â€Å"deprived of the light of eternal truth† (XI, 22) . This stands the thought of Plato on its head, since now no amount of contemplation and argument will be capable of getting man closer to a truth that exists on a plane that â€Å"surpasses the reach of the human mind† (XXI, 5). If reason is an instrument as flawed as man himself, how, then, is man to know the supreme good if he is forced to grope blindly for it in a state of sin without any assistance from the powers of his own mind? It is this question which serves as the premise for Augustine’s di vision of existence into the City of Man and the City of God and articulation of a system of vice and struggle against vice that keeps man anchored to the City of Man and prevents him from entering the City of God in temporal life. In order to explain man’s path from the one to the other, he sets up a system of dichotomies that originate from Adam’s fall and are hinged upon the role of the will in earthly life. At the top, God is the source of the â€Å"supreme good,† and evil is its opposite (XII, 3). Up to this point, he is in agreement with the ancients, but he diverges again when he equates the good with nature, and evil with a defect of nature—an absence of the good (XII, 3). In this we have the first division of what â€Å"supremely is† between nature and vice, with nature arising ... ...ty† (XII, 22). This is ultimately what is so shockingly egalitarian about Augustine’s Christianity in contrast to the thought of the ancients. The Supreme Good—eternal life—is accessible to both the simple and the sophisticated. One may either contemplate the duality of the universe and figure out where each aspect of creation fits into the scheme, or one may bypass the attempt to understand the temporal world in relation to heaven, but so long as one finally accepts faith and, through it, becomes obedient to God while discarding self-will, the extent to which one used reason in his life is irrelevant. Reason, except insofar as it is necessary in a basic sense for man to use it to accept faith to and differentiate himself from beasts, is not necessary for eternal life. What is necessary is the choice to stop exercising the self-will—to stop making choices.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 Essay -- History Historical Politi

Before engaging in the debates with Senator Stephen A. Douglas, Lincoln was relatively unknown in the political world and was just beginning his career in politics. Abraham Lincoln’s reputation was just starting to grow, and his life was about to make a drastic change. The Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 were a turning point in Abraham Lincoln’s political career.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln had served four terms in the Illinois legislature, and now desired an office with greater prestige. Lincoln had served the Whig Party well, and election to Congress became his goal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1843 and 1844, Lincoln lost the nomination for Congress to other candidates. Although disappointed, he kept striving for his goal. Finally, in 1846, his hard work had paid off. Abraham Lincoln won the Whig nomination for the U. S. House of Representatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln started his Congressional career on December 6, 1847. He failed to make the reputation he had hoped for in Congress. Some of his main tasks included, a bill that would free slaves in the District of Columbia and supporting the Wilmot Proviso, banning slavery in territories acquired from Mexico. He also supported the Whig policy which had the government paying for internal improvements, and in 1848, he worked on the nomination and election of Zachary Taylor, the Whig candidate for President. Already in his political career, Lincoln had a strong stand on slavery. His term ended on March 4, 1849. Lincoln’s stay in Congress was brief and frustrating. He opposed the Mexican War so vigorously that he lost much of his popularity with his constituency. At the expiration of his term in 1849 he returned home and sank into the political background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At that point, Lincoln decided to return to Springfield, Illinois and revive his law career. He practiced law more seriously than ever and represented big businesses and corporations in many lawsuits, and soon prospered. After successfully defending the Illinois Central Railroad in an important tax case, he became known as the leading lawyer of Illinois. His reputation all over the state had grown steadily. However, Lincoln knew that law was not his dream. Abraham Lincoln decided to reenter politics. At that point in time, there had been a sudden change in the national theme towards slavery. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 had prohibited slavery in territories north of Missouri’s so... ...tly he who molds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes or pronounces decisions† (Phillips 38). The above quotation was part of Lincoln’s remarks in the first Lincoln-Douglas debate at Ottawa on August 21, 1858. Also, Lincoln was one of the best extemporaneous debaters of all time (Phillips 145). Lincoln listened to what the people wanted, which gained him popularity and respect. During the debates, he was always confident, mostly because he stood up for what he believed was right. Even if Lincoln’s ideas were of the minority, he would not back down. These verbal skills benefited him throughout his political career. Besides national interest, Lincoln received worldwide appeal. This tall, honest politician was now known across the globe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 marked a turning point in Abraham Lincoln’s political career, and lead to his popularity among the United States. Finally, without the debates, a great leader, Lincoln, would never have been produced. â€Å"Abraham Lincoln was a great writer and a great orator as well as a great leader† (Ayres IX). Abraham Lincoln started his political career as a nobody, but in the end was greatly admired.

February Action †creative writing Essay

So, after my great holidays, back to reality. In this case, it meant moving flats. I moved out of my friends’ flat and in with two Mexican siblings, girl (spoilt acting student) and boy (pain in the ass lawyer student). (The statements in this part are highly influenced by later experiences with the two people, I got along with them and their family fine. ) And when I moved I found the flat under water. So the first thing I did was spend hours soaking towels. Apart from that the two were always nice to me, the guy was almost never there and the girl went home on weekends, so I had the place to myself a lot, which was great. The flat was on the ground floor, so despite great sunny weather outside, I lived in freezing conditions. But it was well-located for work and social life. My room consisted of a bed and a built in cupboard (already provided) and a very useful box (which I found on the street and stayed with me until I moved out). I started working too†¦ giving English classes in the Bank of Mexico, some 20 hours a week, all 1-1 classes with mostly enjoyable students. As I had already found a football team, it meant I had found friends who took me out, to the cinema and every sunday the PUMAS (one of the local teams) game was a must. I was introduced to the stadium, the anthem (!!!! ) and the during match entertainment (beer and crisps) and the after match entertainment (more beer, discussion of game, and strange activities like having electric shocks outside of the stadium). Although not completely my description of a great time, it was good fun nevertheless. I otherwise spent quite lazy weekends, enjoying the company of my friend Itziar and playing football. At the end of February, the football girls had a huge party, which was great great fun, a lovely, welcoming group of girls who know how to party. There I became better friends with a lot of them, which was very nice. The party was full of good food, dancing, dancing and dancing and when it ended, we decided to go to a friends’ house to continue the party, but we all ended up falling asleep there. So some good weekend action. I was invited by the family of my flatmates to Cuernavaca, which is the getaway for inhabitants of the big City. (btw, if New York City is the Big Apple, Mexico City must be something like the Big Papaya) I went out on the Saturday morning by bus and then spent quite a relaxed time in the house, which is quite a bit outside of the city center. We had a lovely meal and then they took me into the city center, where they, interestingly enough, put me on the tourist bus and I went around on that. Pity really, because the main square had some really interesting and fun dancing and singing going on, surrounded by people selling handcrafts and other oddities. So the bus ride was quite amusing, lots of historically interesting information that I forget while the guide is finishing the sentence. Cuernavaca is a nice city and the bus also took us on a walk through some park/ravine, which was also umm†¦ nice. Then in the evening I met the family to have supper at a very good Italian restaurant before we headed back to their house, where I fell right to sleep (tired from the party, obviously). Sunday just meant a long sleep, another nice meal and then the return journey back to the city. So I got a look at what Cuernavaca was like, which was enjoyable. Next time, I’ll just go by myself to see more of the place instead of seeing it wizzing by from the Touribus.

Gender Representations in Pride and Prejudice

08 Fall 08 Fall â€Å"Discuss the ways in which gender has been represented in the text† The traditional English gentleman is typically seen as a strong symbol of masculinity and elegance, it’s hard to not fall for their charm with the English female being the submissive housewife with utter beauty, but never her own opinion. In Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen, this is certainly not the case.First published in 1813, the story is about the romance between the young heroine Elizabeth Bennet, the prejudiced middle class daughter and the proud, wealthy eligible bachelor Fitzwilliam Darcy as they both overcome their judgements and fall in love. Though English gentlemen were viewed as the stronger race with a high regard within society and strong social graces and husbands the head of the family with the final decision, the main male characters in the novel are portrayed as the challenges these characteristics.Austen uses the novel’s strong female protagonis t, Elizabeth Bennet to challenge to idea of women of that era being weak and passive, whereas the eligible bachelor of the town, Fitzwilliam Darcy, lacks in the social expectations as he is portrayed as juvenile, especially when it comes to love and courtship. Mr Bennet, the father of the strong female heroine, is portrayed as withdrawn and passive compared to the erratic personality of his wife, Mrs Bennet.Through characterisation, Austen intelligently challenges the traditional masculine and feminine roles of the Regency Era. The novel was first submitted for publication in November 1719 under the alternative title First Impressions between October 1796 and August 1797. During this time, the aftermath of the French Revolution was a time of intense ethical debate about revolutionary ideas and change about politics and sex equality. Austen’s novel does not comment on the events of war in her time, but rather on the imminent change of ethics with regards to gender equality.Equ ality between men and women in that era was fairly non-existent as women were deemed the weaker race as a woman was expected to remain passive throughout her life, marrying early and supporting her husband when need be, bearing children and living a rewarding social life. Men, however, being the head of the family and the husbands having superiority within marriage, were deemed fit to defend their country and have high regard within society with strong social graces and a hardworking attitude in the home.Young women in the Regency period were traditionally seen as property of their fathers, and when married off, they were then deemed the possession of their husband and forever loyal to the men in their lives. The feisty heroine of Elizabeth Bennet challenges this expectation by being maintaining her independence in a time of feminine weakness being told â€Å"you speak your opinion very decidedly for a woman of your age. † In her first marriage proposal from the odd Mr Collin s, Elizabeth maintains her strength as rather than marrying for wealth, she refuses his proposal.Ignoring the expectations of her family, as well as society, Elizabeth maintains her hope in marrying for love in saying â€Å"do you not consider me now as an elegant female intending to plague you, but as a rational creature speaking the truth from her heart† as she implores Mr Collins to understand her motives in maintaining her independence, as she refuses to apologise for what she wants thus showing her strength and challenging the idea of women being submissive with the society.Similarly, when Elizabeth journeys across the countryside to Netherfield to tend to her ill sister, Jane, as she does so with the bravado and independence not quite readily present within the upper class society. Though others were unimpressed by Elizabeth’s independent behaviour, Darcy was quite impressed by her audacity as he says the â€Å"brilliancy which exercise had given to her complexi on† as it gives women readers of that era an example of how women can be independent and not have to conform to the society’s expectations, that they can rise above and become more than just the property of man.In the Regency period, upper-class men were deemed the epitome of social grace and confidence. With a facade of social standing, Fitzwilliam Darcy challenges this social stereotype. Though seemingly confident in himself, Darcy’s pride gets the better of him as he is characterised as immature for a man of his time. When discussing his past with Elizabeth, Darcy blames his parents for his lack of social skills as they â€Å"allowed, encouraged and almost taught† him to be â€Å"selfish and overbearing. This shows Darcy’s willingness to fault his parents for his lack of confidence, and for a man of his time is slightly childish. At the first ball he attends, Darcy’s snobbish behaviour is seen as immature as he blatantly insults Elizabeth Bennet, to whom he first met. To his friend’s, Mr Bingley, suggestion of dancing with Elizabeth, Darcy replies â€Å"She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me† revealing him as a prejudiced man that is too proud to dance with that of the lower class portraying the upper class man as snobbish and conceited.The character of Darcy contrasts with the gentlemanly figure that has the upmost social graces within society, his awkward nature created by Austen shows the weaker side of man. Born into a reasonably wealthy family, Mr Bennet, though meant to be the head of the household, is characterised as passive and reluctant to be involved in his family’s schemes. Described as ‘so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve and caprice’ Mr Bennet does not epitomise the society’s expectations of the fatherly figure.During conversations with his family, particularly his wife, Mr Bennet would rather withdraw from the dispute to hi s drawing room or submissively obey to the commands of his wife, especially in the opening of the novel. By marrying his wife based on looks alone, Mr Bennet believes that the â€Å"respect, esteem, and confidence had vanished for ever; and all his views of domestic happiness were overthrown† challenging the idea that husbands had the final say in the relationship, and that marrying based on looks was appreciated within the society.In the opening, preoccupied by the newly arrived bachelor Mr Bingley, Mrs Bennet has many ideas and demands her husband take part for then he replies â€Å"depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will visit them all† showing his willingness to make her happy rather than society’s expectation of the woman keeping the man pleased. In a society preoccupied with the importance of marriage, Mr Bennet defends his daughter’s decision in rejecting Mr Collins proposal, telling her â€Å"Your mother will never see you aga in if you do not marry Mr Collins †¦ nd I will never see you again if you do† showing his unwillingness to conform to the society’s expectations of women marrying for wealth rather than love. The wife in the Regency period was seen as the exact opposite of the husband, a weak passive woman who did mainly domestic work and cared for her family whilst obeying her husband’s orders. Mrs Bennet, however, certainly does not conform to these traditional roles. Described as a woman of â€Å"mean understanding, little information and uncertain temper†, Mrs Bennet is Austen’s comment on the equality of marriage.In the opening of the text, the reader is shown the erratic and overpowering personality of Mrs Bennet in contrast to the passive nature of her husband. Concentrated on marrying her daughters off to a suitable bachelor, Mrs Bennet overpowers the opinion of her husband in ordering him that â€Å"you must go, for it would be impossible for us to vi sit him, if you do not† showing her as domineering towards her husband portraying the wife figure in the novel to be more powerful compared to the husband.The use of the ‘ultimatum’ type deal from wife to husband, as this is at the beginning of the novel, foreshadows the theme of female authority throughout the text and in a time of oppression within a relationship as Mrs Bennet challenges the traditional role of the Regency era’s housewife. Through Austen’s use of clever characterisation, she defies the traditional masculine and feminine roles of the Regency Era.The challenging of the society’s values gave an alternative view of life for those living in the era. Though not portraying men in a good light, the novel’s feminist ideas gave women empowerment to speak up for their own beliefs and independence. Through strong characters such as Elizabeth and Mrs Bennet, women were given heroines to aspire to, and through the use of the submis sive male characters of Mr Bennet and Darcy the strength of the women contrasts against the weakness of the male characters.Jane Austen’s comments on gender equality was a powerful motion in her era, and still affect readers now in today’s modern society. Bibliography Ashley Gardner, â€Å"The Regency Era†, 2005, viewed on the 5th May http://www. gardnermysteries. com/index-regency. html Heat and Dust, â€Å"Gender Roles in the Victorian Times,† April 7, 2008, viewed 7th May, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, first published 1813, published in Penguin Classics 1996, updated Further Reading and 1972 Penguin Classics Introduction by Tony Tanner 2003. The Republic of Pemberly, Jane Austen Information, 2004, viewed on the 10th May, Scribd, Pride and Prejudice Class and Gender, 2012, viewed on the 9th May,

A correct view of women precis

Women must always be pleased by the work of a man in order to strengthen his character and image and be a helping hand to him, but not a second brain. Argument Structure: -Chesterfield constructs his argument using Logos to get his son to share the same point of view as him. -Although he argues that women are meant to keep men company and construct their character, he believes that women can't make Important decisions due to their lack of growth. -They are only children of a larger population without a solid reasoning or good sense.Chesterfield notes that to keep women, you must make them feel they are contributing to a man's declension, but this Is only a mask of flattery because man already has their declension made. -Compliments must be given, varying on the women. Conclusion: Although Chesterfield's views seem very cynical and outdated, I still see the points he made as a significance part In modern treatment of women. Many lobs require making critical decisions go to men. I beli eve that this is because as Chesterfield mentions, women do not have solid reasoning or good sense.I do not Greer with this but do think this was a large view in the past generations for some cultures that has subtly passed down the generations. As for flattering women, from observation, most women do enjoy being complimented. I see this more general though; I would believe everyone likes being complimented, both men and women. Chesterfield mentions that women shape a man's character, and with this I do agree. Well presented women give their husband a better image by far than sloppy and lazy women. Overall I would say Chesterfield's idea are very concentrated, but we do see the diluted form nowadays.

Pabasa Sa Nutrition Essay

Nutrition is recognized as a basic human right, vital to the survival, growth and development of children according to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). And proper nutrition is a key to having a happy, healthy life, but despite this pronouncement, millions of people around the world suffer from malnutrition and continues to claim millions of lives, with more than 5.5 million children under-five years of age dying annually. (Devpulse, 2008). There were 925 million malnourished people in the world in 2010, an increase of 80 million since 1990, despite the fact that the world already produces enough food to feed everyone (6 billion people) and could feed the double (12 billion people). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies remain the leading nutritional problems in the Philippines which rank eighth in countries who have five million or more undernourished people. There were 15.2 million undernourished people in 2001–2003, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. This represents the number of people consuming less than the minimum amount of food energy (measured in kilocalories per capita per day) necessary for the average person to stay in good health while performing light physical activity. From 2005 to 2008, there was a significant increase in the proportion of underweight children aged 0-5 from 24.6 percent to 26.2 percent, according to the National Nutrition Survey (NNS). A very high prevalence of underweight preschoolers was noted in Regions IV-B, V, VI, VIII, and IX, where data on the proportion of underweight-for-age children registered at greater than or equal to 30 percent. The status of micronutrient malnutrition is likewise an important concern in the country. According to WHO (2009) the vitamin A status of the country is considered severe subclinical deficiency affecting children 6 months – 5 years (8.2%) and pregnant women (7.1%). Iron deficiency anemia is the most alarming of the micronutrient deficiencies affecting a considerable proportion of infants (56.6%), pregnant women (50.7%), lactating women (45.7%) and male older persons (49.1%). Malnutrition in the Philippines is caused by a host of interrelated factors – health, physical, social, e conomic and others. Food supply and how it is distributed and consumed by the populace have consequent impact on nutritional status. While some reports indicate that there is enough food to feed the country, many Filipinos continue to go hungry and become malnourished due to inadequate intake of food and nutrients. Children are mostly affected not only because of the lack of food. Their lives are also placed at risk by poor feeding and care practices, poor health conditions of pregnant and breastfeeding women, lack of access to health services, and unsanitary conditions. According to 2011 National Nutrition Results, only 52 per cent are breastfed within one hour of delivery; 47 per cent of children 0-6 months are exclusively; 45 per cent of children 6-23 months are breastfed, and fed with adequate and safe nutritious complementary food. Due to the lack of nourishing food and nutrition education, hunger and malnutrition are still dominant in this country. (Food and Agriculture Organization 2011). In fact , these problems have been linked with high rates of poverty and an increasing population growth. Adequate intake of micronutrients is essential for preventing common micronutrient disorders, such as vitamin A and iron deficiencies. According to Aphane et al. (2003), most countries have to improve the micronutrient status of the population by changing practices at the household level and by protecting the nutritional benefits of traditional practices that are eroding because of factors such as urbanisation and modernisation. In addition, according to The Micronutrient Initiative improving and diversifying the food that is eaten by the poor is therefore the most fundamental (though still not comprehensive) approach towards controlling vitamin and mineral deficiency. Unfortunately, it is also the approach that is most dependent on rising incomes. When income increases, people often reduce breastfeeding, stop gathering wild foods and eat fewer green leafy vegetables due to ignorance or poor knowledge of nutrition. Nutrition education and counseling are one of the government’s strategies to combat malnutrition especially in children. The education and counseling practices teach the correct feeding procedures and improving personal knowledge of pediatric areas to improve health care in the Philippines. One of the DOH program to answer malnutrition is through Pabasa sa Nutrition. It is an innovative approach in strengthening the implementation of the five(5) Impact Programs (Home, School and Community Food Production, Micronutrient  Supplementation, Food Fortification, Nutrition Education and Food Assistance) of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN). Through Pabasa, mothers are grouped into 10-12 per class informally discussing health and nutrition using behaviorally designed materials developed by the Nutrition Center of the Philippines (NCP). Pabasa is designed to empower women in reducing their family’s vulnerability to malnutrition through the adoption of proper nutrition practices and healthy lifestyles. The NCP provides training and materials for local government units and NGOs that plan to implement Pabasa. Guldan et al (2000) states, nutrition education has shown a significant benefit in increasing nutritional knowledge and improving infant feeding practices amongst mothers who receive nutrition education compared to mothers who do not receive nutrition education. (Ladzani et al. (2000) reported that a nutrition education programme had significantly improved breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in rural areas amongst local women who had been trained. It was also shown that teaching mothers about complementary feeding improved the mother’s knowledge and the children’s diets (Ilett & Freeman, 2004). In addition, Guldan et al. (2000) indicated that children of mothers who received nutrition education had lower rates of anaemia and were significantly heavier and taller than the control group. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The purpose of this study is to assess and determine the effectiveness of Pabasa sa Nutrisyon on the knowledge, attitudes and practices as acquired by the mothers of selected barangays in Hindang, Leyte. Specifically, this study sought answers to the following: 1. Describe the profile of the respondents. a. Age b. No. of children c. Religion d. Highest Educational Attainment e. Estimated Monthly Family Income 2. Identify the level of knowledge through the pretest and post test scores of the respondents on the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon 3. Determine the attitude and practices through actual observation with the use of structured checklist. 4. Draw out implications from the study. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents on the knowledge, attitudes and practices on the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Results of this study would be beneficial to the following institutions and entities, to the mothers so that they will be guided and be informed on the importance of good nutrition for the family, the Barangay Health Worker that they will be guided in collecting data for the nutritional status of their clients thus they will promote conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon to guide mothers, The RHU staff and nurses that will be more aware on the proper program to delivered to their clientele, to the Department of Health that the said institution will not only help but endorse and provide funds on the implementation of Pabasa sa Nutrisyon, To NGO’s that it will give them insights of ensuring better nutrition to Filipinos, thus decreasing the rate of malnutrition in our country, and lastly to the future researchers that findings of this study will serve as their baseline to further improve result. To the Department of Health .This study can help the said institution to successfully continue the implementation of the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. To other Private Agencies. This study will provide them an insight of ensuring better nutrition to Filipinos, thus decreasing the rate of malnutrition in our country. Barangay Health Center. Barangay Health Workers will be guided on the nutritional status of every individual . Through this, they will be able to help conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon that will promote good nutrition. To Rhu Staff and Nurses. This study would help the rhu staff and nurses to be responsible in conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. Mothers. This study would also be beneficial to the parents that in a way help them in providing proper guidance and knowledge to their family. Future Researchers. The findings of this study could further serve  as a baseline data for further research. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study aims to know and focused only on the effectiveness on Pabasa sa Nutrisyon on the knowledge, attitudes and practices acquired by mothers of selected barangays in Hindang Leyte. The participants on Pabasa sa Nutrisyon are mothers residing in selected barangays in Hindang, Leyte, namely, Brgy. Doos del Sur, Brgy.San Vicente, Brgy. Tabok and Brgy. Bontoc. This study also included the demographic profile of the mothers as the intervening variable such as: age, no. of children, religion, highest educational attainment, and estimated monthly income. Moreover, the dependent variable of the study is the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers. The researchers conducted the study on September 2014 to October 2014. Furthermore this study is limited only to those mothers who participated the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. The researchers have chosen the following barangays because of the accessibility of each of the researcher to the different barangays. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Energy and Instinct from Psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud viewed each human being as a machine that consumes food, water and oxygen and converts these into energy, which is then expended in both physical and mental work. He proposed that instinctive physiological needs are based within the id. Bodily needs lead to conscious desires and to the behavior necessary to satisfy the need. When the need is satisfied, the organism comes to rest until another need arises. There are individual differences in the means adopted to satisfy each need. Virginia Henderson on her theory of 14 Basic Human Needs viewed health as a quality of life and is very basic for a person to function fully. As a vital need, health requires independence and interdependence. Since health is a multifactor phenomenon, it is influenced by both internal and external factors which play independent and interdependent roles achieving health. She also gave emphasis in prioritizing health promotion as more important care of the sick. Sister Callista Roy’s theory of Adaptation viewed humans as biopsychosocial beings constantly interacting with a changing environment and who cope with their  environment through biophysical adaptive system. This theory focuses on the ability of individual, families, groups, communities, or societies to adapt to change. The degree of internal or external environmental change and the person’s ability to cope with that change is likely to determine the person’s health status. She also proposes that being an open system; the individual is vulnerable to inputs and stimuli from both self and the environment CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Schematic diagram showing the relationship of the variables in the study. The respondent’s demographic profile namely, age, no. of children, religion,highest educational attainment and estimated monthly income are theorized to affect the pre-test scores of the respondents. In our study, the researchers seek to determine the relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents after conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. DEFINITION OF TERMS In order to facilitate better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally. Pabasa sa Nutrisyon – the mothers are grouped into 10-12 per class informally discussing health and nutrition. Knowledge-a familiarity, awareness or understanding of something. Attitude- is an expression of favor or disfavor toward a person, place, and thing. Practices-the actual application or use of an idea. Mothers- who undergone Pabasa sa Nutrisyon METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the researcher design, the research locale, the selection of respondents, sample size, data gathering instrument, general procedures and statistical tools that were used. RESEARCH LOCALE This study was conducted in Hindang, Leyte. It is a fifth class Municipality in the province of Leyte. In the north, it boarders with the town of  Inopacan Leyte while it boarders with the town of Hilongos in the south. According to the 2014 projected population, it has 20,868 people with 4184 households. Among 20 barangays of Hindang, Brgy. Pob. 1, Doos del Sur, San Vicente, Tabok and Bontoc were the selected barangays for the study. The researchers selected these areas for accessibility and convenience of the study. These areas are the hometown and were the researchers worked. SELECTION OF RESPONDENT AND SAMPLE SIZE The respondents of the study included all mothers who participated the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon in Four Baragays of Hindang Leyte. The respondents were chosen according to their availability at that time and in the place where the gathering of data was conducted. RESEARCH DESIGN The researchers utilized one group pretest-posttest study which is basic experimental research design. The group administered a pretest with the use of questionnaire composed of multiple choices, true or false and Self-structured questions. Same questionnaire is given for posttest. An analysis of the variables quantitatively was done which served as basis for the interpretation, implications and recommendations that were formulated. RESEARCH PROCEDURE Permission was sought from the barangay chairman of the different barangays. The data were collected by the researchers themselves from September 2014 to October 2014. The respondents were instructed to sign the consent form before answering the questionnaires. They were requested to individually accomplish the pretest questionnaires by writing their chosen answer in the sheet. Another set of questionnaires for the post test were given after three days. Accomplished questionnaires were retrieved by the researchers. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The questionnaire is composed of three (3) major parts. Part I, elicit data on the profile of the mothers in terms of age, no. of children, religion, highest educational attainment and estimated monthly family income. Part II elicits data from the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon questions to determine the knowledge of the participants. Part III elicits data from the  self-structured questionnaire to determine the attitude and practices of the mothers. A table was made and the respondents were asked to fill in their answers by putting a check mark. Statistical Treatment of Data The data gathered from the questionnaire were analyzed according to their corresponding quantitative equivalents. The responses were also categorized according to the nature of the specified questions asked. The profiles of respondents were analyzed using frequency tally and percentages. The following formula in determining percent was used: P= f/n x 100% where: P – Percent f – frequency n – number of respondents To test for the significant difference on the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents on the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. The machine formula follows: (Walpole, 1982: Introduction to Statistics) t=(X Ì…_1-X Ì…_2)/√(S_p (1/n_1 +1/n_2 ) ) All computations and analysis were tested using 5% level of significance.

Cause Marketing

I chose to research the topic of cause marketing to benefit the nonprofit cancer community, specifically nonprofit cancer survivor camps for children, teens and young adults. These camps have not used this fundraising strategy and I believe they could benefit from it greatly. This research will provide the tools and understanding of how to design a custom program with for-profits which will fit their marketing and business goals, while raising profits for the camp’s operational costs. Introduction to Cause Marketing Cause Marketing is the cooperative efforts of a for-profit business and a non-profit organization for mutual benefit. (Wikapedia) The company puts the power of its brand and marketing behind the nonprofit’s cause to generate profits for both. (Daw, p. 1) The for-profit has the ability to reach consumers the nonprofit would not be able to for donations, while making the for-profit appear more socially responsible to consumers. â€Å"Numerous studies have shown cause-related marketing has helped increase a company’s profits. (Wikapedia) It also raises awareness for the nonprofits cause and reaches more supporters while increasing funding for the cause. â€Å"Today, more and more companies are realizing they can no longer afford to be anonymous benefactors or disengaged citizens. † (Daw, p. 28) In recent years the term has come to describe a wider variety of marketing initiatives based on the cooperative efforts of business and charitable causes. However it is important to differentiate cause marketing from corporate philanthropy or sponsorship, it is in fact an intersection of the two. Sundar, p. 208) The objective of all cause-related marketing programs is sales and a promotional campaign is undertaken to that end. Sponsorship and corporate philanthropy is a fixed amount of money which is negotiated and donated in advance to a nonprofit organization for an event or program. (Sundar, p. 208) In return for sponsorship the nonprofit uses its marketing to promote a companies involvement and support of the cause. For example, the company’s logo will appear on the nonprofits marketing materials for an event. Overview of Findings Studies done by Cone Inc. a marketing communication agency that tracks American attitudes towards corporate support of social issues, have brought cause marketing data into sharp focus. (Sundar, p. 207) In the Cone Corporate Citizenship Study the consumers’ answer to the statement, â€Å"I am likely to switch from one brand to another that is about the same in price and quality, if the other brand is associated with a cause. † has been staggering. In 2001 81% agreed they would switch brands, in 2004 86% would switch and in 2006 89% stated they would switch brands if associated with a cause. Cone Case Studies 2001, 2004, 2006) â€Å"Cone research reports†¦have identified key motivators that are driving changes in the corporate sector: employees, communities, and consumers are all demanding that companies play an active role in building community and demonstrate what they stand for. Cause related shopping is the second and third means of providing charitable gifts for those who planned to give a charitable donation over the holiday season. (Daw, p. 2) In fact the British Business in the Community 21st Century Giving Research showed that 83% of those who participated in a cause initiative said it enabled them to support a charity more that they would have otherwise done. (Daw, p. 32)This is dramatic indicator of consumer attitudes and an important differentiator for product marketing.